What Are The Risk Factors for Atrial Fibrillation
In this modern medical field where you have every solution or treatment for mankind, it is better to learn about the risk factors for Atrial Fibrillation. Generally Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the commonly occurring cardiac arrhythmia associated with increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.
The Risk Factors for Atrial Fibrillation is as follows
1. Age
2. Male sex
3. Alcohol
4. Throid dysfunction
5. Chronic obstructive lung disease
6. Diabetes mellitus
7. Cardiovascular diseases
8. Hypertension
9. Valvular heart disease
10. Ischaemic heart disease
11. Cardiomyopathies
12. Heart failure
13. Congenital heart disease
14. Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome
15. LV hypertrophy
16. Recent cardiac or non-cardiac surgery
Another adverse change is irregularity of the ventricular contraction, and it has been shown that it can further reduce the overall cardiac output compared to a regular rhythm. These ventricular responses are critically dependent on the AV node. For instance, heightened conduction during stress or exercise can worsen the hemodynamic response. On the other hand, appropriate rate control by an AV nodal blocker can ameliorate much of the changes and improve symptomatology. Chronic inappropriately fast VR can lead to impair LV contraction, a condition known as tachycardiomyopathy.
Recent experimental and clinical studies have provided new insights into the mechanisms of AF. The mechanisms of AF are heterogeneous and are likely to differ in different clinical circumstances. However, three basic components are required for the occurrence of AF namely specific trigger, suitable substrate and modifying factors.
Experimental AF could be induced by a single source of very rapid impulses or by available myocardium. If the cycle length of the firing focus is shorter than the refractory period in other parts of atria, rate-dependent functional conduction block occurs and non-uniform excitation will result. This type of AF is actually represented as fibrillatory conduction. One of the important observations from Haissagurere was that a single source of rapid ectopic foci of automatically, mainly originating from the pulmonary veins, can be the trigger for the initiation and maintenance of AF in patients with paroxysmal AF (PAF). Other ectopic foci are in the superior vena cava, coronary sinus, LA posterior wall, vein of Marshall and interatrial septum has also been shown to trigger AF. Furthermore, atrial flutter or any supraventricular tachycardia may also serve to trigger AF.
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